【一】
1、at
如:常用(yong)詞組有: at noon, at night
表示時間的(de) at, in, on:表示片刻的(de)時間,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。
in 表示(shi)一段的時(shi)間
如(ru):in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。
on 總是(shi)跟日子有關,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。
2、表(biao)示(shi)時(shi)間(jian)的(de) since 和 from:since 表(biao)示(shi)從過(guo)去到現在的(de)一段時(shi)間(jian)的(de)過(guo)程,常(chang)與現在完(wan)成時(shi)連用:from 表(biao)示(shi)從時(shi)間(jian)的(de)某一點(dian)開始,不涉及與現在的(de)關系。一般多與現在時(shi)、過(guo)去時(shi)、將來時(shi)連用。
如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表(biao)示(shi)時間(jian)的(de) in 和 after:兩者都表(biao)示(shi)“在(某(mou)(mou)個時間(jian))之(zhi)后,區別在于in表(biao)示(shi)“在(一段時間(jian))之(zhi)后” ,而 after 則表(biao)示(shi)“在(某(mou)(mou)一具體(ti)時間(jian)點之(zhi)后),in 短(duan)語(yu)和將來時態連(lian)用(yong),after 短(duan)語(yu)和過去(qu)時態或將來時態連(lian)用(yong)。
如:We’ll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
What shall we do after graduation?
After two months he returned. 注意:after 有時也可以表(biao)示在(zai)一段(duan)時間之后(常用在(zai)過去(qu)時里)
4、表示(shi)地理位(wei)置(zhi)的 in, on, to:in 表示(shi)在(zai)某范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei),on 指(zhi)與(yu)什么毗鄰,to 指(zhi)在(zai)某環境范(fan)圍(wei)之外
如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.
5、表示“在(zai)……上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在(zai)某物的表面上,而(er)用 in 表示占去(qu)某物一(yi)部分,表示……上。
如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
【二】
介詞(ci)又(you)叫前置詞(ci),是一種虛詞(ci)。
介詞分為三種,一(yi)種是簡單(dan)介詞,如(ru) at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一(yi)種是短語(yu)介詞,即由(you)兩個以(yi)上的詞組組成的短語(yu),in front of, because of, out of, instead 如(ru) of 等;還有一(yi)種二重介詞,如(ru) until after, from behind 等。
(一(yi)) 介(jie)詞(ci)的句(ju)法功能(neng):介(jie)詞(ci)不(bu)能(neng)獨立在(zai)句(ju)中做(zuo)成份,介(jie)詞(ci)后必須與(yu)名詞(ci)、代詞(ci)、或動名詞(ci)構成介(jie)詞(ci)短語在(zai)句(ju)中充當(dang) 一(yi)個(ge)成份,表示人、物(wu)、事件(jian)等(deng)(deng)與(yu)其它人、物(wu)、事件(jian)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)間的關系。
1、 作定語: The book on the table is mine.
2、 作狀語: have breakfast at seven. We (表時間)They were late for meeting because of the heavy ; rain.(表原(yuan)因) ;They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法(fa))
3、 作(zuo)表語: My dictionary is in the bag.
4、 作賓(bin)語補(bu)足語: I found him in the office.
(二) 1.表(biao)示時(shi)間的介詞(ci)
(1) in表(biao)示“在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段”或“在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)時(shi)(shi)候”,如用在(zai)(zai)月(yue)、季、年(nian)份、時(shi)(shi)代、世紀等時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)名(ming)詞(ci)的前面(mian),或用來泛指一(yi)天的某一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。in也(ye)可以指“在(zai)(zai)……之后”,表(biao)示從(cong)說話起的若干時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)內。
如: in July/summer/2000/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on表(biao)示(shi)“在特定的(de)某(mou)一(yi)天”,也(ye)可用于帶有修飾語的(de)一(yi)天的(de)某(mou)個時(shi)間段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3) at表(biao)示(shi)“在某一時間點”,或用來表(biao)示(shi)不確(que)定的時間和短期的假日、時節等(deng)。
如:at six o'clock, at Easter
(4) over, through (out)兩者均指(zhi)“經過的全(quan)部時間”。
如:Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for與since:for表示動作(zuo)或狀態延(yan)續(xu)的(de)全部時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長度,為“長達……”之(zhi)意;since用于指從過去特定的(de)某個時(shi)(shi)刻到說話(hua)時(shi)(shi)為止(zhi)的(de)一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian);含(han)有since時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短(duan)語(yu)的(de)句子要用完(wan)成時(shi)(shi),但含(han)有for時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短(duan)語(yu)的(de)句子不一定要用完(wan)成時(shi)(shi)。
【三】
1、形(xing)(xing)容詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的定義:形(xing)(xing)容詞(ci)(ci)(ci)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)adv. 形(xing)(xing)容詞(ci)(ci)(ci)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)adv.修飾v. adj.,其他(ta)adv.或(huo)(huo)全句的詞(ci)(ci)(ci),v.,adv.或(huo)(huo)全句的詞(ci)(ci)(ci)修飾v.,adj.,其他(ta)adv.或(huo)(huo)全句的詞(ci)(ci)(ci),表(biao)示時間(jian),地(di)點,程(cheng)度,方式等。表(biao)示時間(jian),地(di)
點,程度,方式等(deng)。
2、復(fu)合(he)形容詞(ci)的構成(cheng)
(1)形(xing)容詞+ 名詞+ ed kind-hearted 好心(xin)的,white-haired 白發的
(2)形容(rong)詞+ 形容(rong)詞red-hot 熾熱的,dark-blue 深藍的
(3)形容詞(ci)+ 現在(zai)分詞(ci)good-looking 好(hao)看的(de),easy-going 隨和的(de)
(4)副詞+ 現在分詞hard-working 勤勞(lao)的,fast-moving 快(kuai)速轉動的
(5)副(fu)詞+ 過去分詞hard-won 得來不(bu)易的(de),newly-made 新建的(de)
(6)名(ming)詞+ 形容(rong)詞life-long 終(zhong)生的,world-famous 世界聞名(ming)的
(7)名詞+ 現在分詞peace-loving 愛好(hao)和平的(de),fun-loving 愛開玩笑(xiao)的(de)
(8)名詞+ 過去分詞snow-covered 白雪覆蓋的(de),hand-made 手工的(de)
(9)數詞(ci)+ 名(ming)詞(ci)+ ed four-storeyed 4 層樓的,three-legged 3 條腿(tui)的
(10)數(shu)詞+ 名(ming)詞(名(ming)詞用單數(shu))ten-year 10 年的,two-man 兩人(ren)的
高二英(ying)語語法知識(shi)點篇四 什(shen)么是副詞?
指出句中的副詞:
1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修飾副詞(ci)“farther”表示程(cheng)度 farther修飾動(dong)詞(ci)“move”表示方式
2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修飾動詞(ci)goes,表示頻(pin)度、頻(pin)率
3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修飾整個句子
4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修(xiu)飾(shi)形容(rong)詞,表示程度(du)修(xiu)飾(shi)形容(rong)詞hot,修(xiu)飾(shi)形容(rong)詞
【高考副詞主(zhu)要(yao)考點(dian)】
主要題型:選(xuan)擇(ze)填(tian)空,完形填(tian)空,改錯
考點內容:
1. 副詞詞義辨析
(10浙江) Do you think shopping online will ____________ take the place of shopping in stores?
A.especially B.Frequently C.merely D.finally
解析:especially 特別(bie),尤其;frequently經常(chang);merely僅僅;finally最終
根據(ju)語境:你認為網上購物最終(zhong)會替代(dai)商場(chang)購物嗎?
(10湖北) I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ said errors like this could be avoided.
A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly
解(jie)析:mostly 大部分地(di)(di),通常地(di)(di);nearly 幾乎=almost;rarely 很少地(di)(di),幾乎不;merely 僅僅,只不過
全句意(yi)思:我并沒有責怪任(ren)何人,我只是說(shuo)類似這種(zhong)錯(cuo)誤是可(ke)以(yi)避免(mian)的” 說(shuo)類似這種(zhong)錯(cuo)誤是可(ke)以(yi)避免(mian)的”。
2. 副詞短語與習(xi)慣用語辨析
(09全國(guo)) It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting .
A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much
【解析】too much+不可(ke)數名詞 much too+形
(09天津) It was a nice house, but _______ too small for a family of five.
A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty
【解析(xi)】rather too 稍(shao)微,一點
全句意(yi)思:這(zhe)房(fang)子(zi)不錯,但(dan)對于五口之(zhi)家還(huan)是稍(shao)微小了(le)點(dian)。
(2011全(quan)國)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is______another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
【解析】quite another 另一回事
全(quan)句(ju)意思:喜歡聽(ting)好音樂(le)是一回事(shi),但是自己演奏的好又是另一回事(shi)。
3. 某(mou)些(xie)副詞的位置
(10遼寧(ning))We only had $100 and that was _______ to buy a new computer.
A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough
【辨析】enough做副詞時,修飾形容詞或副詞時應該放在被修飾詞的后面adj/adv+enough nowhere near是固定短語,意思是“差得遠;遠不及” ,相當于一個形容詞。