1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.
2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.
3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.
4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spokenEnglish
=Englishwhichisspoken
terrifiedpeople
=thepeoplewhoareterrified
anorganizedway
=awaythatisorganized
affectedarea災區
=theareawhichisaffected
stolenculturerelics
=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolen
thebookrecommendedbytheteacher
=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher
printedarticles
=articlesthatareprinted
1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定語
2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定語
3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表語
4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表語
PastParticipleastheAttribute定語PastParticipleasthePredicative表語
1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified
2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved
3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted
4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded
5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased
6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished
7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken
8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed
9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired
10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrapped
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有許多落葉)
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒去過北京)
及物動詞的過去分詞表示結束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關系。
pollutedwater
=waterwhichispolluted
reservedseats
=theseatswhichwerereserved
trappedanimal
=theanimalwhichwastrapped
不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動，只表示動作發生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結束之含義。
boiledwater
=waterwhichhasboiled
fallenleaves
=theleaveswhichhavefallen
risensun
=thesunwhichhasrisen
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。
Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒過北京.
Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本農民寫的書)isverypopular.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的樓房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天會議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那個頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在醫院檢查的)wereseriouslyill.
Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在陽光下的)gotsunburnt.
Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老師嚴厲懲罰的)isnowacollegestudent.
Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所說的).
Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀請去參加聚會的)werefromSouthAfrica.
Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老師鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關系且過去分詞表示的動作已完成。
②現在分詞作定語表示動作正在發生，與修飾詞是主謂關系。
③不定式作定語表示將要發生的動作。
firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
Consolidation鞏固
1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.bought
C.beenboughtD.buying
2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,
thenewly-electedpresidentishaving
ahardtime.
A.settledB.settling
C.tosettleD.beingsettled
3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
C.tobeknownD.known
4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
2)作表語表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態。許多動詞的過去分詞已經被當作形容詞使用。如：disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
Thewindowisbroken.窗戶碎了。
Don’tgetsoexcited.別這么激動。
1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態，此時相當于一個形容詞。
2.被動語態的過去分詞動詞意味很強,句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。
①Theglassisbroken.
TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
②Thewindowsareclosed.
ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,
surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態.其中有些僅表示狀態,毫無被動意味。
①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?
Theygotveryexcited.
②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?
Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.
③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.
④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.
作表語練習：
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結構作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
A.paintedB.painting
C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
A.waslosingB.gotlosing
C.grewlostD.gotlost
3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents
are_____him.
A.disappointing;disappointedat
B.disappointing;disappointedabout
C.disappointing;disappointedwith
D.disappointed;disappointingby
現在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區別
現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義.
現在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態或完成.
amovingmovie感人的電影
amovedaudience被感動的觀眾
boilingwater正在燒(煮沸)的水
boiledwater已煮沸的水
developingcountries反展中國家
developedcountries發達國家
fallingleaves落葉(正在進行)
fallenleaves落葉(已經完成)
Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。
