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新概念英語第四冊Lesson26課文翻譯及詞匯

　　The past life of the earth

　　地球上(shang)的昔日生命

　　It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved.

　　But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying bout, not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, it is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.

　　It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees -- the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now just a suburb of Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in the tar. And then, when they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.

　　ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短(duan)語

　　preservation

　　n. 保存

　　silt

　　n. 淤泥

　　scavenger

　　n. 食腐動物

　　vole

　　n. 野(ye)鼠，鼴鼠

　　decompose

　　v. 腐爛

　　inaccessible

　　adj. 不能(neng)到達的

　　crevasse

　　n. 縫隙

　　Siberian

　　adj.西伯利亞的

　　palaeontological

　　adj. 古生物學的

　　St. Petersburg

　　n. 圣彼得堡

　　sabre-toothed

　　adj. 長著銳(rui)利的長牙(ya)

　　venture

　　v. 冒險

　　bogged

　　adj. 陷入泥(ni)沼(zhao)的(de)，陷入要困(kun)境的(de)

　　參考譯文

　　只有(you)(you)生活在(zai)水(shui)中或水(shui)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)動植物尸(shi)體有(you)(you)可能被保(bao)存(cun)下(xia)來，因為保(bao)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要條件(jian)之(zhi)一是迅速掩(yan)埋，所(suo)以(yi)只有(you)(you)在(zai)泥沙不(bu)停(ting)淤(yu)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)海洋和江河(he)里，有(you)(you)時在(zai)湖泊里，尸(shi)體之(zhi)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西才能被迅速地覆蓋(gai)而保(bao)存(cun)下(xia)來。

　　即使是(shi)在(zai)有利的(de)環境中，死去的(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中也只(zhi)有一(yi)小部分能在(zai)開始(shi)腐爛前，或更可(ke)能在(zai)被(bei)食腐動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吃(chi)(chi)掉之(zhi)前，被(bei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)保存(cun)下(xia)來(lai)。因(yin)為一(yi)切(qie)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)都是(shi)靠吃(chi)(chi)別(bie)的(de)東(dong)西(xi)來(lai)活(huo)命(ming)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)管這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種東(dong)西(xi)是(shi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還(huan)是(shi)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，死的(de)還(huan)是(shi)活(huo)的(de)，因(yin)此，生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)偶爾才(cai)能避(bi)免被(bei)吃(chi)(chi)掉的(de)命(ming)運。曾在(zai)陸地(di)上(shang)(shang)生活(huo)過(guo)的(de)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)遺體(ti)被(bei)保存(cun)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)更為罕見(jian)，因(yin)為陸地(di)上(shang)(shang)幾乎沒有什么東(dong)西(xi)覆蓋它(ta)們。你(ni)可(ke)以想象出天(tian)上(shang)(shang)有看得見(jian)的(de)飛來(lai)飛去、數不(bu)(bu)清的(de)鳥，地(di)上(shang)(shang)有不(bu)(bu)顯眼(yan)的(de)無數的(de)老鼠(shu)和田鼠(shu)之(zhi)類的(de)小動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，但是(shi)，除非(fei)在(zai)路上(shang)(shang)，很(hen)少有人(ren)遇到這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)尸體(ti)，因(yin)為它(ta)們腐敗之(zhi)后很(hen)快(kuai)就被(bei)風化掉，或被(bei)別(bie)的(de)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吃(chi)(chi)掉了。

　　幾乎總是由于某(mou)些(xie)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)條件，陸(lu)地動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)遺體才被(bei)存下來，如(ru)掉進(jin)難以到(dao)(dao)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)洞穴(xue)，或掉進(jin)冰(bing)河裂縫里(li)(li)，或者像(xiang)西伯(bo)利亞長(chang)毛象(xiang)那樣掉進(jin)冰(bing)窟中(zhong)，有(you)時整個動(dong)物(wu)(wu)像(xiang)被(bei)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)冰(bing)箱里(li)(li)一樣被(bei)保(bao)存下來，的(de)(de)(de)那林索夫卡長(chang)毛象(xiang)就是這(zhe)樣被(bei)保(bao)存下來的(de)(de)(de)，而且保(bao)存得很好。它嘴里(li)(li)還留(liu)著冷杉(shan) -- 它掉進(jin)冰(bing)河裂隙(xi)折(zhe)斷脊椎柱之前的(de)(de)(de)后一頓飯(fan)。這(zhe)頭長(chang)毛象(xiang)已被(bei)修復，現存于圣彼得堡古生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)博物(wu)(wu)館。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)掉進(jin)天然瀝(li)(li)清坑里(li)(li)被(bei)保(bao)存下來，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)蘭橋.拉.布(bu)里(li)(li) -- 現在(zai)(zai)(zai)是洛杉(shan)磯的(de)(de)(de)郊區發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)大(da)象(xiang)、劍(jian)齒虎(hu)(hu)和許多(duo)其他動(dong)物(wu)(wu)。顯(xian)然，事(shi)情的(de)(de)(de)經過(guo)是這(zhe)樣：瀝(li)(li)青坑里(li)(li)積(ji)存了水，大(da)象(xiang)那樣的(de)(de)(de)大(da)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)冒險到(dao)(dao)似乎堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)水面上去飲水，立即(ji)掉進(jin)了瀝(li)(li)青坑。大(da)象(xiang)死后，一些(xie)食肉動(dong)物(wu)(wu)，如(ru)劍(jian)齒虎(hu)(hu)和大(da)灰(hui)狼就來吃(chi)大(da)象(xiang)，結(jie)果(guo)遭(zao)到(dao)(dao)了同樣的(de)(de)(de)命(ming)運。瀝(li)(li)青坑里(li)(li)還有(you)無數(shu)只鳥的(de)(de)(de)尸體。

新概念英語第四冊Lesson27課文翻譯及詞匯

　　The 'Vasa'

　　“瓦薩”號

　　What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?

　　From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.

　　King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.

　　As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.

　　Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As the emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.

　　As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語

　　galleon

　　n. 大型帆船

　　Stockholm

　　n. 斯德哥爾摩(mo)

　　flagship

　　n. 旗艦

　　imperial

　　adj. 帝國的

　　hurricane

　　n. 颶風

　　armament

　　n. 軍械

　　triple

　　adj. 三(san)層的

　　mount

　　v. 架有

　　bronze

　　n. 青銅

　　cannon

　　n. 加農炮

　　參考譯文

　　1628年(nian)，一(yi)艘大(da)帆船在處女航時就(jiu)沉沒了(le)，這(zhe)個從容(rong)不迫(po)7世(shi)紀(ji)瑞典帝國(guo)(guo)流傳至(zhi)今的故(gu)事(shi)無疑(yi)是(shi)航海(hai)離奇的事(shi)件之一(yi)。這(zhe)艘大(da)船在斯德哥爾(er)摩港口的海(hai)底躺了(le)將近幾年(nian)來(lai)個世(shi)紀(ji)之后(hou)，直到1956年(nian)才被(bei)發現。這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)“瓦薩”號，帝國(guo)(guo)大(da)艦的皇家旗艦。

　　當時號稱“北方颶(ju)風”的(de)國王古斯(si)夫(fu)斯(si).阿(a)道爾弗正處在“三(san)十(shi)年戰爭”的(de)軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(gui)定了這艘船(chuan)的(de)規(gui)模和武(wu)器(qi)配(pei)備。3層的(de)火炮(pao)甲板上裝著眼點4門青(qing)銅(tong)加(jia)農炮(pao)，目的(de)就(jiu)是要(yao)在不(bu)斷增長(chang)的(de)瑞典(dian)勢(shi)力(li)中起主(zhu)導作用。

　　1628年8月10日，“瓦(wa)薩”號(hao)準備首航時，斯(si)德哥爾(er)摩一片歡騰(teng)。人(ren)們從(cong)斯(si)開(kai)波斯(si)布朗和周圍的(de)(de)島嶼(yu)前(qian)來(lai)觀著(zhu)這(zhe)艘美(mei)麗的(de)(de)戰船揚帆(fan)起航，乘風前(qian)進。瑞典人(ren)辛(xin)辛(xin)苦(ku)苦(ku)干了(le)3年才建成這(zhe)件水(shui)上藝(yi)術(shu)品，它比以往任何船只雕(diao)刻(ke)得(de)都更加(jia)(jia)精美(mei)，裝(zhuang)飾得(de)都更加(jia)(jia)華麗。高聳(song)的(de)(de)船樓(lou)上雕(diao)刻(ke)了(le)令人(ren)眼花繚亂的(de)(de)神仙、妖魔、騎(qi)士、國王、武士、美(mei)人(ren)魚和小天(tian)使，還有(you)用紅色、金黃色、藍色繪制(zhi)的(de)(de)光彩奪目的(de)(de)獸(shou)形圖案，象征著(zhu)勇敢、力量(liang)和殘暴，以激起漢(han)時崇尚(shang)迷信的(de)(de)水(shui)手們的(de)(de)想像。

　　這(zhe)時(shi)，停泊在港口(kou)的(de)其他戰船向(xiang)“瓦薩(sa)(sa)”號鳴炮(pao)致禮，“瓦薩(sa)(sa)”號也鳴炮(pao)回禮。當“瓦薩(sa)(sa)”號從(cong)彌漫(man)的(de)禮炮(pao)煙云(yun)中出現(xian)時(shi)，船頭下浪花(hua)加濺，艦旗迎風(feng)招展，三角旗隨風(feng)飄動(dong)，微(wei)風(feng)鼓(gu)起風(feng)帆，金(jin)碧輝煌的(de)船樓(lou)閃耀著燦爛的(de)色彩。“瓦薩(sa)(sa)”號展現(xian)的(de)壯(zhuang)觀景象是斯德哥爾摩(mo)人(ren)從(cong)未(wei)見過的(de)。船上的(de)炮(pao)眼開著，炮(pao)口(kou)虎視眈眈地向(xiang)外窺視著。

　　當風(feng)力增強(qiang)時，突然刮來(lai)一陣大(da)風(feng)，“瓦薩(sa)”號(hao)奇(qi)怪地搖晃(huang)了(le)一下(xia)，便(bian)向左舷(xian)傾(qing)(qing)斜。炮長命令把(ba)左舷(xian)上(shang)所有大(da)炮搬(ban)到右舷(xian)上(shang)來(lai)以抵消船的(de)(de)傾(qing)(qing)斜，但甲板的(de)(de)傾(qing)(qing)斜度仍(reng)在(zai)增加(jia)。當物口、壓(ya)艙物、彈藥和400個(ge)人(ren)轟(hong)地一聲滑向陡斜的(de)(de)左舷(xian)時，岸上(shang)的(de)(de)觀眾聽到了(le)雷(lei)鳴般的(de)(de)轟(hong)響(xiang)。下(xia)層(ceng)炮眼已(yi)淹(yan)沒(mei)在(zai)水里，涌進船艙的(de)(de)水給“瓦薩(sa)”號(hao)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)難以逃脫(tuo)的(de)(de)厄運。就這樣，想要統治波羅的(de)(de)海(hai)的(de)(de)大(da)型戰艦“瓦薩(sa)”號(hao)，在(zai)它(ta)壯(zhuang)麗的(de)(de)起(qi)航時刻，帶(dai)著(zhu)全(quan)身飄揚的(de)(de)彩(cai)旗，沉(chen)沒(mei)在(zai)了(le)它(ta)誕生(sheng)的(de)(de)港口。

新概念英語第四冊Lesson28課文翻譯及詞匯

　　Patients and doctors

　　病人與醫生

　　This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.

　　Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who was such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors -- to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yu)

　　sceptical

　　adj. 懷疑的

　　forefathers

　　n. 祖先

　　fervently

　　adv. 熱情(qing)地

　　curative

　　adj. 治病的

　　astronomical

　　adj. 天文學的

　　tangible

　　adj.實實在(zai)在(zai)的

　　remedy

　　n. 藥物

　　ointment

　　n. 藥膏

　　prescribe

　　v. 開藥方

　　indisposition

　　n. 小病

　　inconvenience

　　n. 令人討厭的

　　inconvenience

　　n. 不便

　　參考譯文

　　這是(shi)一(yi)個懷疑一(yi)切的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代，可是(shi)雖然我們(men)(men)對(dui)我們(men)(men)祖先篤信的(de)(de)許多(duo)事物(wu)(wu)已(yi)不(bu)(bu)太(tai)相信，我們(men)(men)對(dui)瓶裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品療效的(de)(de)信心(xin)仍與祖輩一(yi)樣(yang)堅定。衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)處度藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)費上(shang)升到(dao)了(le)(le)天文(wen)數字，并且目前(qian)尚(shang)無停止上(shang)升的(de)(de)跡(ji)象，這個事實證實了(le)(le)現代人對(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)依(yi)賴。在醫院門(men)(men)診部(bu)看(kan)病的(de)(de)大多(duo)數人覺得，如果不(bu)(bu)能帶回一(yi)些看(kan)得見、摸得著(zhu)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)，如一(yi)瓶藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)水，一(yi)盒(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)丸、一(yi)小瓶藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膏回家的(de)(de)話，就(jiu)沒(mei)算得到(dao)了(le)(le)充分的(de)(de)治(zhi)療。負責門(men)(men)診的(de)(de)醫生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)非常樂意(yi)為前(qian)來看(kan)病的(de)(de)人提供他們(men)(men)想要(yao)得到(dao)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)，病人要(yao)什么(me)就(jiu)給(gei)什么(me)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)比這樣(yang)處理病人更快的(de)(de)方法了(le)(le)。因為衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)大多(duo)數醫生(sheng)(sheng)超(chao)負荷工(gong)作，所(suo)以沒(mei)有(you)(you)多(duo)少(shao)時(shi)(shi)間提出(chu)一(yi)些既費時(shi)(shi)而又不(bu)(bu)受人歡(huan)迎的(de)(de)忠告，如注(zhu)意(yi)飲食、生(sheng)(sheng)活有(you)(you)規律(lv)，需要(yao)克服壞習慣等等，結(jie)果就(jiu)是(shi)把瓶藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、盒(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、罐藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)開給(gei)看(kan)病的(de)(de)人而完事大吉。

　　并不(bu)只(zhi)是(shi)那(nei)些無知(zhi)和(he)沒受過良好(hao)教(jiao)育的(de)人才迷信藥(yao)瓶子(zi)。據說托(tuo)馬斯.卡萊爾有過這么一(yi)(yi)(yi)件事(shi)：他(ta)聽說朋(peng)(peng)友亨(heng)利(li).泰(tai)勒病(bing)(bing)了(le)(le)(le)，就立刻跑去(qu)看(kan)他(ta)，衣袋里裝上了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)妻(qi)子(zi)不(bu)舒(shu)服(fu)時吃剩下(xia)(xia)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓶藥(yao)。卡萊爾不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)藥(yao)瓶子(zi)里裝的(de)是(shi)什(shen)么藥(yao)，不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)他(ta)的(de)朋(peng)(peng)友得(de)的(de)是(shi)什(shen)么病(bing)(bing)，也(ye)不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)妻(qi)子(zi)以前得(de)的(de)是(shi)什(shen)么病(bing)(bing)，只(zhi)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)有好(hao)處(chu)，肯(ken)定(ding)對(dui)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)也(ye)會有好(hao)處(chu)。想到能對(dui)朋(peng)(peng)友有所幫助，他(ta)感到很(hen)欣慰(wei)，于是(shi)急急忙忙來到了(le)(le)(le)亨(heng)利(li).泰(tai)勒的(de)家里，他(ta)的(de)朋(peng)(peng)友是(shi)否接受了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)藥(yao)物治(zhi)療，歷史(shi)沒有記載(zai)，但很(hen)可能接受了(le)(le)(le)。服(fu)藥(yao)的(de)大優點是(shi)：除了(le)(le)(le)暫時忍受一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)令人作嘔的(de)味道(dao)(dao)外，對(dui)服(fu)藥(yao)人別無其他(ta)要(yao)(yao)求。這也(ye)正是(shi)病(bing)(bing)人對(dui)醫生的(de)要(yao)(yao)求 -- 病(bing)(bing)要(yao)(yao)治(zhi)好(hao)，但不(bu)要(yao)(yao)太麻(ma)煩。