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新概念英語第四冊Lesson10原文及翻譯

　　Silicon valley

　　硅谷

　　What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?

　　Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We're got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'

　　And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.

　　US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2, 1989

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語

　　silicon

　　n. 硅

　　integrated

　　adj. 綜合的

　　circuit

　　n. 線路(lu)，電路(lu)

　　California

　　n. 加利福尼亞(美國州(zhou)名(ming))

　　workstation

　　n. 工作站

　　chip

　　n. 芯片，集成(cheng)電(dian)路片，集成(cheng)塊

　　newsletter

　　n. 時事通訊

　　Macintosh

　　n. 蘋果機，一種個人(ren)電腦

　　penalize

　　v. 處罰(fa)，懲罰(fa)

　　customize

　　v. 按顧客具體需(xu)要制造

　　spawn

　　v. 引(yin)起，釀成

　　thrive

　　v. 興(xing)旺，繁榮

　　anarchy

　　n. 無政府(fu)狀態，混亂(luan)

　　oriental

　　n. 東方人

　　constitute

　　v. 構成

　　drove

　　n. 群

　　innovator

　　n. 發明者

　　forge

　　v. 發展

　　memory-chip

　　n. 內存條

　　AT & T

　　美國(guo)電話電報(bao)公司 (American Telephone and Telegraph)

　　Kansas

　　n. 堪薩斯(美國州名)

　　Missouri

　　n. 密(mi)蘇里(li)(美國州名)

　　參考譯文

　　技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨勢有可(ke)能(neng)把(ba)硅(gui)(gui)谷(gu)重(zhong)新推(tui)向(xiang)未來(lai)(lai)。卡弗.米(mi)德 -- 集成(cheng)電路的(de)(de)(de)(de)一位(wei)先驅，加州理工(gong)學院的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機(ji)教(jiao)授注意到，現在(zai)(zai)有些計(ji)算機(ji)工(gong)作站使工(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)桌上(shang)設計(ji)、試(shi)驗和(he)生產(chan)芯片，就(jiu)像(xiang)一位(wei)編輯在(zai)(zai)蘋(pin)果機(ji)上(shang)編出一份時事通訊(xun)一樣。由于(yu)制造一塊(kuai)芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)已縮短至(zhi)幾天，費用也只有幾百美元(yuan)，因此(ci)，工(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)能(neng)很塊(kuai)就(jiu)可(ke)充分發揮他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想像(xiang)力(li)，而(er)不(bu)會因失敗而(er)造成(cheng)經濟(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。米(mi)德預言發明(ming)者(zhe)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)辦公(gong)室用一個(ge)周末的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)生產(chan)了(le)完美的(de)(de)(de)(de)、功能(neng)很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)、按客戶需求(qiu)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯片 -- 造就(jiu)新一代從(cong)汽車間(jian)(jian)起家的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)把(ba)產(chan)品(pin)推(tui)向(xiang)市場方面使美國把(ba)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)外國對手(shou)們(men)(men)打個(ge)措手(shou)不(bu)及。 “我們(men)(men)有更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車間(jian)(jian)，那里有許(xu)多聰明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，”米(mi)德說。“我們(men)(men)確實是(shi)(shi)靠這(zhe)種無政府狀態(tai)發展起來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。” 靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)亞洲人(ren)(ren)(ren)。硅(gui)(gui)谷(gu)許(xu)多公(gong)司中工(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大多數是(shi)(shi)東方人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)亞裔美國人(ren)(ren)(ren)。

　　中國(guo)、韓國(guo)、菲律賓和(he)印度的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)師一(yi)批(pi)批(pi)地從加州的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)學畢業。作為(wei)新(xin)掘(jue)起一(yi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶頭人，亞裔發明家可以憑(ping)借他們在習(xi)慣和(he)語言上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)，與關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)太平洋沿岸市場(chang)建立起更加牢(lao)固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系。比如(ru)說，亞歷克斯(si)(si).奧，一(yi)位來自香港的(de)(de)(de)(de)斯(si)(si)坦福(fu)大(da)學博士，已(yi)經在臺灣建廠，對日本(ben)在內存條市場(chang)上(shang)近似壟斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)提出(chu)了挑戰。印度出(chu)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)N.達(da)莫達(da).雷(lei)迪經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)加州公(gong)司在堪薩斯(si)(si)城重新(xin)啟用了美國(guo)電(dian)話(hua)電(dian)報公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)家芯片工廠，并從密蘇(su)里(li)州獲取了財政上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持。在硅谷(gu)變成(cheng)一(yi)個退休村之(zhi)前(qian)，它很可能成(cheng)為(wei)建立全(quan)球商業的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個教(jiao)學場(chang)地。

新概念英語第四冊Lesson11原文及翻譯

　　How to grow old

　　如何安度晚年

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　聽錄音(yin)，然(ran)后(hou)回答以(yi)下問題。

　　What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?

　　Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.

　　BERTRAND RUSSELL How to grow old from Portraits from Memory

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語

　　oppress

　　v. 憂(you)郁，壓抑

　　justification

　　n. 正當理由

　　justifiably

　　adv. 無可非議地

　　cheat

　　v. 欺騙

　　abject

　　adj. 可憐的

　　ignoble

　　adj. 不體面的(de)，可恥(chi)的(de)

　　impersonal

　　adj. 超脫個人感情影響的(de)

　　ego

　　n. 自我

　　receded

　　v. 退去

　　increasing

　　adv. 日益(yi)，不斷

　　passionately

　　adv. 激昂(ang)地(di)

　　painlessly

　　adv. 毫無痛(tong)苦地

　　vitality

　　n. 精力

　　weariness

　　n. 疲憊感

　　參考譯文

　　有些老年人(ren)因為怕(pa)死而感(gan)到(dao)(dao)煩惱。青年人(ren)有這種感(gan)覺(jue)是(shi)(shi)情有可(ke)原的(de)(de)(de)(de)。有理由害怕(pa)自己(ji)會(hui)死在戰場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)年輕人(ren)，想到(dao)(dao)自己(ji)被剝奪了(le)(le)生活所能給予的(de)(de)(de)(de)美好的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)時，感(gan)到(dao)(dao)痛(tong)苦(ku)，這是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)理解的(de)(de)(de)(de)。可(ke)是(shi)(shi)老年人(ren)已(yi)經飽嘗(chang)了(le)(le)人(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)甘苦(ku)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)切能做的(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)做了(le)(le)，如果怕(pa)死，就(jiu)有點(dian)兒可(ke)憐又(you)可(ke)鄙(bi)。克服怕(pa)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)好辦(ban)法(fa) -- 至少在我看(kan)來(lai)(lai)是(shi)(shi)這樣(yang) -- 就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)逐漸(jian)使(shi)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣更加廣泛，逐漸(jian)擺脫(tuo)個(ge)人(ren)狹小的(de)(de)(de)(de)圈子(zi)，直到(dao)(dao)自我的(de)(de)(de)(de)圍(wei)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)地倒(dao)塌下來(lai)(lai)，自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活慢慢地和整(zheng)個(ge)宇宙的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活融(rong)合在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起。個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在應該像一(yi)(yi)(yi)條河流，開始(shi)很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸(an)中間，接著(zhu)熱情奔(ben)放地沖(chong)過(guo)巨石，飛下瀑布。然(ran)后河面漸(jian)漸(jian)地變(bian)寬，兩岸(an)后撤，河水流得平緩起來(lai)(lai)，后連綿(mian)不(bu)斷地匯(hui)入大(da)海，毫無痛(tong)苦(ku)地失去了(le)(le)自我的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在。上了(le)(le)年紀的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)這樣(yang)看(kan)待生命，就(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)有懼怕(pa)死亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心情了(le)(le)，因為自己(ji)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切事件都(dou)會(hui)繼續下去。 再者，隨著(zhu)精力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衰退(tui)，老年人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疲憊會(hui)增長(chang)，有長(chang)眠的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望未(wei)嘗(chang)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件好事情，我希望工作到(dao)(dao)死為止，明白了(le)(le)有人(ren)會(hui)繼續我的(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)竟事業，想到(dao)(dao)能做的(de)(de)(de)(de)事都(dou)做了(le)(le)，也就(jiu)坦然(ran)了(le)(le)。

新概念英語第四冊Lesson12原文及翻譯

　　Banks and their customers

　　銀行和顧客

　　Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?

　　When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.

　　The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheques on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.

　　GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND The Consumer Society and the Law

　　New words and expressions 生詞(ci)和短語(yu)

　　current

　　adj. 通用的，流(liu)行的

　　account

　　n. 賬戶

　　cash

　　n. 現金

　　debtor

　　n. 支票

　　debtor

　　n. 借方

　　creditor

　　n. 貸方

　　obligation

　　n. 義務

　　complication

　　n. 糾紛

　　debit

　　v. 把(ba)...記入借方

　　specimen

　　n. 樣本

　　forge

　　v. 偽造

　　forgery

　　n. 偽造(文(wen)件，簽名等)

　　adopt

　　v. 采用

　　facilitate

　　v. 使便利

　　參考譯文

　　任(ren)何(he)人(ren)在銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)開(kai)一個活(huo)期賬戶(hu)，就(jiu)等于把(ba)錢(qian)借給了銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)。這筆(bi)錢(qian)他可以(yi)隨時提取，提取的方式可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取現金，也可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)一張以(yi)他人(ren)為收款(kuan)人(ren)的支(zhi)票。銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)與儲(chu)戶(hu)的關系(xi)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)債務(wu)人(ren)和債權人(ren)的關系(xi)。究竟誰(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)債務(wu)人(ren)誰(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)債權人(ren)，要看儲(chu)戶(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有結(jie)余還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)支(zhi)。除(chu)了這一基本的簡單的概念外(wai)，銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)和儲(chu)戶(hu)彼此還(huan)需承(cheng)擔大量義務(wu)。其中許多義務(wu)往(wang)往(wang)引(yin)起問題和糾紛。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)戶(hu)不(bu)能像貨(huo)物的買主那樣來抱(bao)怨法律對自己(ji)不(bu)利(li)。

　　銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)必須(xu)遵照儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)囑(zhu)托辦事(shi)，不(bu)能聽從其他(ta)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)指令。比如(ru)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)首次(ci)在銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)開(kai)戶(hu)(hu)時，囑(zhu)咐銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)他(ta)的(de)(de)存款只能憑(ping)本世人(ren)(ren)簽(qian)字的(de)(de)支(zhi)票來(lai)提取(qu)(qu)。他(ta)把自己簽(qian)名(ming)的(de)(de)樣本交給銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，對此有(you)(you)一(yi)條非常嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)規定：銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)沒有(you)(you)任何(he)權利或理由把儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)錢讓(rang)偽(wei)造儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)支(zhi)票取(qu)(qu)走(zou)。即使偽(wei)造得很巧(qiao)妙(miao)，也不(bu)能付款，因為銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)責任辨認出其儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)簽(qian)名(ming)。因此，某些銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)已采(cai)用(yong)把儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)印在支(zhi)票上的(de)(de)作法。這種做(zuo)法對儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)毫(hao)無風險(xian)。如(ru)果因這種作法出現了偽(wei)造的(de)(de)話，受損(sun)失的(de)(de)將不(bu)是儲(chu)(chu)(chu)戶(hu)(hu)，而是銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。