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2019專(zhuan)八閱讀理解練(lian)習(xi)題附答(da)案(an)：動物世界

　　Naturally, m a group of animals as diverse as the snakes, and with so many varied enemies. there are numerous defensive reactions and devices. There is. however, one general pattern of behavior. In the presence of suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation; if this fails, the next resort is the flight co some inaccessible retreat, but if this is not possible, or is circumvented. various kinds of intimidatory gestures and warning devices are brought

　　into play; in the last resort the snake attacks. This pattern vanes with the circumstances; some stages may be omitted or combined unpredictably whilst all some notoriously irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once. though seldom or never without some provocation.

　　Amongst the factors that increase aggressiveness are hunger, the mating season and surprise, with the last mentioned the commonest; when hunting for food or for mate. activity and the aggressive instinct are both at their peak. Owing to their poor sense of hearing snakes are very liable to be, quite literally, caught napping and a similar situation arises during their periods of temporary blindness just before sloughing (蛻皮)begins. By far the greatest number of snake-bit accidents result from the unwitting disturbance of resting snakes. and this hazard is much increased with species that are well disguised and whose natural instinct is to trust to this concealment as their principal defense. As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species, even closely allied species; and the reports of those who have been attacked may understandably be lacking in objectivity. So it is impossible to forecast. even in outline, how any encounter will develop.

　　The Hamadryad, for example, is usually credited with being amongst the most aggressive of snakes. and there are many accounts of unprovoked attacks, yet on one occasion fourteen men and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards from a nest and no snake was seen although the female. which guards the nest, could not have been far away.

　　1.When a snake meets a potential enemy, its primary device is______________.

　　A) avoiding any observation

　　B) Finding a safe shelter

　　C) giving a warning threat

　　D) starting a quick attack

　　2.The underlined phrase "dispense with all the preliminaries" in Paragraph I most probably means________________.

　　A) the snakes combine all the previous three steps

　　B) the snakes give up all the previous three steps

　　C) che snakes follow all the previous steps one by one

　　D) the snakes reverse the order of all the previous steps

　　3.A snake is most aggressive when_______________.

　　A) it meets a possible enemy

　　B) it is caught when it is sleeping or sloughing

　　C) it is disturbed unknowingly

　　D) it seeks a partner in che mating season

　　4.It is difficult to predict what would happen when a snake meets a man because____________.

　　A) no one bas ever clearly known how he himself was bit

　　B) man tends to be subjective when he describes his encounter with a snake

　　C) the aggressiveness of the snakes differs according to diverse situations

　　D) a snake does not begin co attack without provocation

　　5. The author uses the example in the last paragraph m support his idea that___________.

　　A) snakes do not begin the aggressive act if it is not disturbed

　　B) some snakes are more aggressive and more ready to attack

　　C) it is hard to forecast whether and how snakes would attack

　　D) snakes often conceal themselves as their principal defense

　答案：

　　1.當蛇遇到(dao)了潛在的敵(di)人，它主要的做法會是(shi)______________。

　　A)避開任何監視

　　B)找一個(ge)安全的(de)庇護場所

　　C)給出(chu)一個警告(gao)威脅

　　D)開始(shi)快速(su)攻擊

　　[A]首(shou)段第3句(ju)提到(dao)了蛇遇到(dao)可(ke)疑敵(di)人(ren)時的行為模式：首(shou)先躲開對(dui)方(fang)的監視，第二(er)步是(shi)(shi)尋找(zhao)安全藏身(shen)處，第三是(shi)(shi)向對(dui)方(fang)發出(chu)警告，最后實施攻擊，因(yin)(yin)此選項(xiang)A為本題答案(an)(an)。選項(xiang)B、C和D分別是(shi)(shi)對(dui)第二(er)、第三和最后一步的近義替換(huan)，因(yin)(yin)此都不是(shi)(shi)正確答案(an)(an)。

　　2.第(di)1段里含有(you)下劃線的短(duan)語“dispense with all the preliminaries"的意思最可(ke)能是_________。

　　A)蛇(she)結合了所有(you)之前的三個步驟

　　B)蛇會放棄所有之前的三個步驟(zou)

　　C)蛇會依據(ju)之(zhi)前的步驟一步一步進(jin)行

　　D)蛇會保留所有之前(qian)步(bu)驟的(de)順序

　　[B]首段最(zui)后一句(ju)中dispense with的前面提到過some stages may be omitted or combined，而(er)(er)下文提到attack almost at once,這稅明dispense with應(ying)表示有些蛇不做前幾個步驟，而(er)(er)立刻(ke)展開進攻(gong)，因此(ci)它的意思(si)應(ying)等同于omit“免除(chu)，省略”，也即選項(xiang)(xiang)B中的give up。其他選項(xiang)(xiang)語法上都(dou)說得(de)通，但是與(yu)下文的attack almost at once不一致，因此(ci)都(dou)不是正確答(da)案。

　　3.蛇最有(you)攻擊(ji)性的時候是______________。

　　A)遇到了(le)可能(neng)是敵人的動物

　　B)在(zai)睡覺或蛻皮的時候給(gei)提(ti)住

　　C)在其沒(mei)有防備的(de)情況(kuang)下受到干擾

　　D)在交配季節求偶的時候

　　[D]第2段首句(ju)中第2個(ge)分句(ju)的(de)mate一詞與選(xuan)項(xiang)D同義，因(yin)(yin)此選(xuan)項(xiang)D為本(ben)題答案。其(qi)他選(xuan)項(xiang)都在文中提(ti)到過，也是蛇會對敵人實施還擊的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，但是這三個(ge)干擾(rao)項(xiang)和(he)正(zheng)確(que)選(xuan)項(xiang)之間的(de)區別就在于，文中沒有提(ti)到在這些情(qing)況(kuang)下“A snake is most aggressiv。(蛇有攻擊性)”，因(yin)(yin)此本(ben)題要緊扣(kou)第2段首句(ju)和(he)其(qi)中的(de)peak這個(ge)單詞。

　　4.很難預測(ce)當蛇遇到(dao)人的時候(hou)會發生什么事(shi)情，因為________________。

　　A)從來就沒有人知道是怎(zen)么被蛇攻(gong)擊(ji)的

　　B)在形(xing)容與(yu)蛇(she)遭遇的情形(xing)時，人們總是主觀(guan)性較(jiao)強

　　C)在(zai)不同的(de)情況下蛇的(de)攻擊性程度都不一(yi)樣

　　D)沒有遭到挑釁的話(hua)，蛇是(shi)不會(hui)攻擊人的

　　[C]第(di)2段最(zui)后兩(liang)句(ju)(ju)由So連接(jie)，顯示(shi)倒(dao)數第(di)2句(ju)(ju)是(shi)原(yuan)因(yin)，最(zui)后一句(ju)(ju)是(shi)結果。選項(xiang)C是(shi)對倒(dao)數第(di)2句(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)概(gai)括，為本題答案。選項(xiang)A和選項(xiang)D與題干之間沒什(shen)么關聯(lian)，易(yi)排(pai)除;選項(xiang)B雖然與該段倒(dao)數第(di)2句(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)后一個分句(ju)(ju)意思相符，但(dan)它(ta)只是(shi)作為附加信息以(yi)說明蛇的(de)(de)個體行(xing)為差異很大(da)，故也可排(pai)除。

　　5.在最后一個段落中，作者(zhe)使用了例(li)子來(lai)支持他的觀點：

　　A)如(ru)果不(bu)受干擾的(de)話，蛇(she)是不(bu)會率先發起攻擊行為的(de)。

　　B)一些(xie)蛇更(geng)具攻(gong)擊性，也更(geng)趨向隨時進行攻(gong)擊。

　　C)很難(nan)預(yu)測蛇是否會(hui)做(zuo)(zuo)出攻擊(ji)，會(hui)怎(zen)樣做(zuo)(zuo)出攻擊(ji)。

　　D)蛇主要(yao)的防衛方(fang)式就是隱(yin)藏自己。

　　[C]第3段開(kai)頭(tou)就有for example這(zhe)個標志性的詞組，表明這(zhe)一句是為(wei)了支持(chi)上文(wen)的例子。結(jie)合第2段末句可知，第3段是為(wei)了證(zheng)明其(qi)不可預測(ce)性的，故C正確。

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