1.Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. A succession of scientific studies of animals suggests that physical activity has a positive effect on mental ftinctioning.
翻譯：正如運動能強(qiang)心、健(jian)肺、固骨、壯肌，運動也能健(jian)腦。對(dui)(dui)動物的一(yi)系 列科學研宄表明，體育活動對(dui)(dui)智力(li)的發揮有積極作用。
2.“It，s clear that the brain benefits from exercise，" says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity: vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-based exercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists，may make the brain better able to process information.
翻譯：伊利諾伊大(da)(da)學(xue)香檳分校的(de)(de)腦科學(xue)家威廉•格里(li)諾說，“很明顯，運動(dong)使(shi) 大(da)(da)腦受(shou)益(yi)。”他對老鼠(shu)的(de)(de)研究已經表明運動(dong)具有(you)兩大(da)(da)功(gong)效(xiao)：運動(dong)量大(da)(da)的(de)(de)體育運 動(dong)給大(da)(da)腦提供更多的(de)(de)動(dong)力，而技巧性的(de)(de)運動(dong)則(ze)增強(qiang)大(da)(da)腦神經的(de)(de)聯結(jie)。依照某 些科學(xue)家的(de)(de)見解，這種聯結(jie)能使(shi)大(da)(da)腦更好地處理信息。
3.In one experiment, laboratory rats were separated into three groups. One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel, a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course，and a third group was inactive.
翻(fan)譯：在一個(ge)賣驗(yan)中，實驗(yan)鼠被分成(cheng)三(san)組：第(di)一組在自動(dong)輪(lun)中跑(pao)動(dong)，第(di)二組 通(tong)過一種復雜的越障訓(xun)練來提(ti)高(gao)技(ji)能，第(di)三(san)組則不做任何運動(dong)。
4.“The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups，Greenough said，“In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.”
翻譯：“與跑動(dong)的(de)和(he)不(bu)運動(dong)的(de)老(lao)鼠(shu)相(xiang)比(bi)，經過(guo)越障訓練的(de)老(lao)鼠(shu)腦神經聯結數 更多(duo)。”格里(li)諾(nuo)說，“相(xiang)比(bi)之(zhi)下，在(zai)自動(dong)輪中跑動(dong)的(de)老(lao)鼠(shu)，較(jiao)之(zhi)其他(ta)兩組的(de)老(lao) 鼠(shu)，其大腦的(de)血管密度更大。”
5.Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can，he says. And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well, the benefits multiply. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of Greenough5s experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young. And while animals aren’t people, he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
翻譯：他說(shuo)，學習(xi)一(yi)(yi)種新的(de)舞步和學習(xi)一(yi)(yi)種語言一(yi)(yi)樣，都能促進大腦發(fa)展。如(ru) 果這種舞蹈還是一(yi)(yi)種良(liang)好的(de)體育運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，則益處加(jia)倍(bei)。據格里諾的(de)另一(yi)(yi)組實(shi)(shi)驗(yan) 顯(xian)示，年輕的(de)大腦尤其(qi)(qi)能夠通過(guo)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)來增強能力(li)。這組實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)表(biao)明，從小就鍛 煉(lian)的(de)老(lao)鼠，其(qi)(qi)大腦的(de)變化為(wei)顯(xian)著。他說(shuo)盡管動(dong)(dong)(dong)物不是人，但(dan)依此(ci)推斷在老(lao) 鼠身上發(fa)現的(de)功效同樣適(shi)用(yong)于人也合乎邏輯(ji)。
6.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrate that inactive adults，aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons fester in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course. A corresponding control group that didn’t exercise showed no improvement.
翻譯：對人(ren)(ren)類的研宄主要集中(zhong)在老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)身上(shang)，其(qi)結果(guo)表明，經常(chang)鍛(duan)煉能提高 大(da)腦處(chu)理信息(xi)的速度。伊利諾(nuo)伊大(da)學阿瑟•克雷默測量的結果(guo)證明，63至(zhi)82 歲的不運(yun)動的成年人(ren)(ren)，在完成為期十周的水上(shang)運(yun)動課(ke)程之(zhi)后，聽(ting)音擊鍵(jian)的反 應加快了(le)。而另(ling)一組相應的、未經鍛(duan)煉的受控(kong)人(ren)(ren)群則不見任何(he)提高。
7.This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be 汪 penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in ackiition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet.
翻譯：接(jie)受(shou)運(yun)動(dong)訓練之后(hou)，人的(de)反應速度會(hui)加快，這可(ke)能是因(yin)為與衰(shuai)老有關 的(de)機能衰(shuai)退實際上根源(yuan)于體(ti)質下降。一些科學家推(tui)測，除了藥物作用和飲(yin)食 不(bu)(bu)當等相關因(yin)素外(wai)，常常被(bei)歸咎于衰(shuai)老而導致(zhi)的(de)大腦功能下降實際可(ke)能是對 不(bu)(bu)注意保持體(ti)育運(yun)動(dong)的(de)一種懲罰(fa)。
8.“In older people, an exercise program appears important for brain maintenance，” says Daniel M. Landers, professor of exercise science at Arizona State University, who recently published an article reviewing the scientific literature on activity’s effect on the brain.
翻譯：亞利桑那(nei)州立(li)大(da)(da)學(xue)的運動學(xue)教授丹尼爾• 蘭德斯(si)說，“對(dui)老年(nian)人來 說，鍛(duan)煉計劃對(dui)維持(chi)大(da)(da)腦功能顯得非常(chang)重要(yao)。”他近發表了一篇文章，回顧 并評述了有關運動對(dui)大(da)(da)腦的影(ying)響的科學(xue)文獻(xian)。
9.Numerous studies show that children who engage in regular physical activity do better in school than their inactive classmates. But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. Now, however, some scientists have revised their way of thinking, and point to possible physical connections.
翻譯：許多研究表明，經常(chang)進行體(ti)育鍛煉的(de)孩子，在(zai)學(xue)(xue)業上比(bi)他們(men)那(nei)些不(bu)活 動(dong)的(de)同學(xue)(xue)優(you)秀。但直到近，人(ren)們(men)還(huan)認為因參(can)加(jia)體(ti)育運動(dong)而獲得的(de)學(xue)(xue)業優(you)勢(shi) 來(lai)自(zi)于增強的(de)自(zi)信、更好(hao)的(de)心態，以及由運動(dong)時(shi)消耗(hao)體(ti)力(li)所帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)集(ji)中注意 力(li)的(de)能力(li)。而現在(zai)，一些科學(xue)(xue)家修正了他們(men)的(de)看法(fa)，表示這(zhe)可(ke)能與(yu)體(ti)育運動(dong) 促進神經聯(lian)結(jie)有關。
10.Pierce J. Howard, another expert, says new research indicates that physical exercise increases the amount of certain brain chemicals that stimulate growth of nerve cells. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equ^ped to tackle mental challenges.
翻譯：另一名(ming)專家皮爾斯(si)•J*霍華(hua)德(de)說(shuo)，新的研宄表明，體(ti)育鍛煉提高(gao)了 大(da)腦中某些激(ji)發(fa)神經細(xi)胞(bao)生長(chang)的腦化學物質的含量。因(yin)此，那些進行鍛煉的 人(ren)的大(da)腦可(ke)能更(geng)有(you)能力應付各種智力挑戰(zhan)。
11.Inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. “Scientists recognize that mind is body，and body is mind，comments Howard. The most beneficial forms of exercise, he says, engage both.
翻譯：不活動對大腦和身體都可能有負面影響。“科學家們都認識到，心即 是身，身即是心，”霍華德評價道。他說，有益的運動是身心兼顧.面都于芝加哥分校。同時兩個校區各自科研實力也均在全美50之列，均為美國一級大學。
