保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通常包括以(yi)下三個部(bu)分(fen): 1,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)合(he)同法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),又稱保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)契約法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)核心內容(rong).它是關(guan)于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)關(guan)系雙方當事****利義務的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律.一(yi)般都規定(ding)(ding)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)合(he)同的(de)(de)訂立,履行,終(zhong)止(zhi),變更,解(jie)除(chu)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)合(he)同糾紛的(de)(de)處理等事項. 2,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)業法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),又稱保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)組(zu)織法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)業監督(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),即對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)業進行監督(du)(du)和(he)管理的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律.其內容(rong)是有關(guan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)組(zu)織的(de)(de)設(she)立,經營,管理,監督(du)(du),破產,解(jie)散和(he)清算(suan)等的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding). 3,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)特(te)別法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),是指保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)合(he)同法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)外的(de)(de),具有商(shang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性質(zhi)的(de)(de),規范某一(yi)險(xian)種(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)關(guan)系的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律和(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規.我國的(de)(de)海商(shang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)即屬(shu)于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)特(te)別法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)
(二)保(bao)險法(fa)的(de)調整對象保(bao)險關(guan)(guan)系(xi)以及與保(bao)險關(guan)(guan)系(xi)有關(guan)(guan)聯的(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi).
(三)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)法(fa)的主(zhu)要內(nei)容 1,總則 2,保險(xian)(xian)(xian)合同 3,保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司 4,保險(xian)(xian)(xian)經營規則 5,保險(xian)(xian)(xian)業的監督管理 6,保險(xian)(xian)(xian)代理人和保險(xian)(xian)(xian)經紀人 7,法(fa)律責任(ren)
(四(si))保(bao)險法的(de)基本原則
1,誠信(xin)原則 誠信(xin)原則對(dui)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren),被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)要求是: 如(ru)實(shi)告(gao)知(zhi)和履行保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證. 我國(guo)《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》第十七條規定了投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)應當如(ru)實(shi)告(gao)知(zhi)的(de)義務:訂立保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合同(tong),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)應當向投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)說明保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合同(tong)的(de)條款(kuan)內容,并可以就保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)或(huo)者(zhe)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)有關(guan)情況提(ti)出詢(xun)問,投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)應當如(ru)實(shi)告(gao)知(zhi).投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)故意隱瞞事實(shi)真相,不履行如(ru)實(shi)告(gao)知(zhi)義務的(de),或(huo)者(zhe)因過失未履行如(ru)實(shi)告(gao)知(zhi)義務,足以影響保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)決定是否同(tong)意承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)或(huo)者(zhe)是否提(ti)高保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)率的(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)有權
《保(bao)(bao)險(xian)法》第三十(shi)七條規(gui)定(ding)了(le)被(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人的(de)履行保(bao)(bao)證義(yi)務,即在保(bao)(bao)險(xian)合同(tong)的(de)有效期間內,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)標(biao)的(de)的(de)危(wei)險(xian)程度增加(jia)(jia)時,被(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人按照保(bao)(bao)險(xian)合同(tong)約定(ding)應當及時通(tong)知(zhi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人有權要求被(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人增加(jia)(jia)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費或者解除保(bao)(bao)險(xian)合同(tong).被(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人未履行上(shang)述(shu)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)義(yi)務時,因(yin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)標(biao)的(de)的(de)危(wei)險(xian)程度增加(jia)(jia)而(er)發(fa)生的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)事(shi)故,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人不承擔賠償保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金的(de)責任.
2,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi)原則 保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi),又(you)稱(cheng)可保(bao)(bao)利(li)(li)益(yi),是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)投保(bao)(bao)人或被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人因(yin)對保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)具有各種利(li)(li)害(hai)關(guan)系而享有的(de)(de)經(jing)濟利(li)(li)益(yi).保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)根本(ben)條款,是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法的(de)(de)原則. 保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)核(he)心內容(rong),保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)在(zai)一(yi)般(ban)情況下自始至終(zhong)都應(ying)有保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi)存在(zai). 保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)存在(zai)應(ying)當(dang)同(tong)時具備三個要(yao)件:必(bi)(bi)須是(shi)(shi)合(he)法利(li)(li)益(yi);必(bi)(bi)須是(shi)(shi)確定(ding)利(li)(li)益(yi);必(bi)(bi)須是(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟上的(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi).
3,代位求償原則 代位求償權(quan),是指保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人在賠償被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人的(de)(de)(de)損失之(zhi)后,就(jiu)取代被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人的(de)(de)(de)地位,取得(de)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人對此(ci)損失所持有的(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)權(quan)利. 代位求償權(quan)產生的(de)(de)(de)前提是,被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)財(cai)產的(de)(de)(de)損失必須是因(yin)為(wei)第三人的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)造成的(de)(de)(de),并且必須是在保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人向被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人支(zhi)付了(le)賠償之(zhi)后
我國《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)》規定(ding):因第(di)三者對(dui)(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)害而造成保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)自(zi)向被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)之日起,在賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)金(jin)額范(fan)圍內代(dai)位(wei)行使(shi)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)向第(di)三者請(qing)求(qiu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利. 該(gai)法(fa)(fa)還規定(ding):保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故發生后,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)未賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)之前(qian),被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)放(fang)(fang)棄對(dui)(dui)第(di)三者的(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)求(qiu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利后,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)不承擔賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任.保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)向被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)后,被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)未經保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)同意放(fang)(fang)棄對(dui)(dui)第(di)三者請(qing)求(qiu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利的(de)(de)(de)(de),該(gai)放(fang)(fang)棄行為無效.由(you)于被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過錯使(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)不能行使(shi)代(dai)位(wei)請(qing)求(qiu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利的(de)(de)(de)(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)可以相應(ying)扣減(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)金(jin).
《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和國(guo)海商法》第252條規定(ding):保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)標(biao)的(de)發生(sheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)責任范圍內的(de)損(sun)失(shi)是由第三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造成(cheng)的(de),被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)向第三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要求(qiu)賠償的(de)權利,自保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)支付賠償之(zhi)日起,相應轉移(yi)給保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren). 代位(wei)求(qiu)償權的(de)成(cheng)立應當(dang)具(ju)備下述(shu)條件: 第一(yi):保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)事故(gu)的(de)發生(sheng)必(bi)須與第三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)過錯行(xing)為存(cun)在因果關(guan)系 第二:代位(wei)求(qiu)償權的(de)產生(sheng)必(bi)定(ding)發生(sheng)在保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賠償保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)金以后 第三(san):代位(wei)求(qiu)償權的(de)權利范圍應有一(yi)定(ding)限(xian)度.
