1.2025年12月大學英語四級翻譯練習 篇一
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)是(shi)典型的(de)由共(gong)同的(de)社(she)(she)交網(wang)絡(socialnetwork)組(zu)成的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。社(she)(she)交網(wang)絡中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)個體通過“關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)”相(xiang)連，關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)情感被稱為“感情”。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個非常重要的(de)概念(nian)是(shi)“面子(zi)”概念(nian)，就像(xiang)其他許(xu)多亞洲文化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣。正(zheng)如中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)學(xue)術大(da)家費孝通的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)學(xue)著(zhu)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所寫的(de)那(nei)樣，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)跟其他社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)人(ren)(ren)相(xiang)比(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)傾(qing)向于從社(she)(she)會(hui)網(wang)絡角度(du)看社(she)(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。因(yin)此，人(ren)(ren)們的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)以“近(jin)”或(huo)者(zhe)“遠”界定，而不是(shi)“有(you)”或(huo)者(zhe)“無”。參考譯文:
Chinese social relationships are social relationships typified by a mutual social network. The individuals within the social network are connected by guanxi(links) and the feeling within the links is known by the term ganqing.An important concept within Chinese social relationships is the concept of face, as in many other Asian cultures. As articulated in the sociological works of Chinese leading academic Fei Xiaotong, the Chinese，in contrast to people of other societies,tend to see social relationships in terms of social networks. Hence, the relationships between people are perceived as being “near” or “far” rather than “in” or “out”.
2.2025年12月大學英語四級翻譯練習 篇二
從秦(qin)朝(chao)到(dao)晚清，朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)將人(ren)民(min)(min)分為四個階(jie)級:地(di)主、農(nong)民(min)(min)、工(gong)匠和(he)商人(ren)。地(di)主和(he)農(nong)民(min)(min)構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)兩(liang)個主要的(de)階(jie)級，而商人(ren)和(he)工(gong)匠們則歸到(dao)兩(liang)個較小的(de)階(jie)級。從理論上講，除(chu)(chu)了(le)帝位，其他(ta)身份都不能世(shi)襲(hereditary)。當擁有大量土地(di)和(he)半農(nong)奴(semi-serfs) 的(de)顯(xian)赫(he)家族出現時，封建主義(yi)(feudalism)就(jiu)會(hui)局(ju)部復辟。他(ta)們控制著朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)重要的(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)和(he)軍事(shi)職位，并將任職這些職位的(de)機會(hui)對本(ben)宗族的(de)成(cheng)員敞(chang)開(kai)。自(zi)唐代開(kai)始，朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)改(gai)革了(le)科舉制度(imperial examination system),試圖根除(chu)(chu)這種(zhong)現象。參考譯文:
From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,theChinese government divided Chinese people into fourclasses:landlord, peasant, craftsman andmerchant.Landlords and peasants constituted thetwo major classes, while merchants and craftsmenwere collected into the two minor ones.Theoretically,except for the position of the Emperor,nothing was hereditary.There was a partial restoration of feudalism when eminent familieswith large amounts of land and huge number of semi-serfs emerged.These families dominatedimportant civilian and military positions of the government,making the positions available tomembers of their own families and clans.Since the Tang dynasty,the government reformed theimperial examination system as an attempt to root out this phenomenon.
3.2025年12月大學英語四級翻譯練習 篇三
自(zi)1983年(nian)，希望工程(cheng)(Project Hope)已經解決了國家(jia)的(de)一些(xie)緊迫(po)的(de)問題(ti)。這些(xie)問題(ti)包(bao)括(kuo)兒童心(xin)臟缺陷、糖尿病(diabetes)、艾滋病和護士教育(yu)，其短期(qi)的(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)在一些(xie)貧困縣建(jian)立補助金項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，長(chang)期(qi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)集中(zhong)在確保(bao)所有中(zhong)國孩子享受受教育(yu)的(de)基本權利。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前希望工程(cheng)在中(zhong)國開展(zhan)了若(ruo)干個項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，包(bao)括(kuo)腫瘤學(oncology)培訓、農(nong)村衛(wei)生(sheng)保(bao)健提供者教育(yu)、兒童營養汁劃、護士培訓等。譯文:
Project Hope has addressed some of the country'smost pressing issues since 1983.These issuesinclude children's heart defects, diabetes, AIDS andnurse education. Its short-term goal is to establishgrant-in-aid programs in some poverty-strickencounties,while the long-term target center on ensuring that all the Chinese children enjoy thebasic right of accepting their education.Currently,Project Hope has operates several programs inChina,including oncology training,education for rural health care providers,children's nutritionprogram, nurse training and so on.
