GMAT的重點(dian)題(ti)型之(zhi)一平行并列：
平行并列：見到(dao)平行看結(jie)構，形式功能要對(dui)稱(cheng).就(jiu)GMAT而言，平行并列是考試中的重點(dian)也是難點(dian)，英語稱(cheng)其為parallel structure: this is a little bit like making sure that the two sides of a mathematical equation are balance.就(jiu)解題(ti)而言要求做到(dao)四個點(dian)。
形式對稱
概念對等
功能相同
含義單一
一)形式對稱：
指平(ping)行(xing)并(bing)列連接詞前后的詞形式上(shang)完(wan)全(quan)對稱
下面以GMATpre test 1為例(li)：
例1：The airline company, following through on recent warnings that it might start reducing service, announced that it was eliminating jet service to nine cities, closing some unneeded operations, and it grounded twenty-two planes.
(A) closing some unneeded operations, and it grounded
(B) closing some unneeded operations, and grounding
(C) was closing some unneeded operations, while it grounded
(D) it closed some unneeded operations and grounded
(E) it was closing some unneeded operations, and grounding
譯文：航空公司遵(zun)照最近的警告它可能會開始(shi)減少(shao)(shao)服務(wu)而宣(xuan)布它將會減少(shao)(shao)噴氣機(ji)服務(wu)到(dao)九個城市,關閉不需要的操作和停飛(fei)22架飛(fei)機(ji)。
分(fen)析：平行并列結(jie)構(gou),形式要對稱.所以本題答案是(shi)B eliminating, closing and grounding 本題重點考查平行并列結(jie)構(gou).都是(shi)航空公(gong)司(si)做的(de)三個動作(zuo)。
例2 The list of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates.
(A) exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
(B) exhibits the preference to use either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and includes
(C) exhibit a preference in either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
(D) exhibit a preference for using either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
(E) exhibit the preference as to either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and includes
譯文：動物展示(shi)出(chu)用左(zuo)手或右手等的(de)列(lie)表已經進(jin)一步的(de)擴大到了更(geng)為(wei)低(di)等的(de)脊椎動物
分析：定語從句的(de)主謂一致取決于(yu)所(suo)(suo)修(xiu)飾對(dui)象.前(qian)面出現的(de)是animals 所(suo)(suo)以應該是復數.答案只能在(zai)CDE中(zhong)產生.either or 要求形式是要對(dui)稱. 而C和E選項中(zhong)出現了(le)either using or the left表達(da)錯。
由此(ci)可見GMAT在考查平行(xing)并列過程中要求前后嚴格對稱(cheng)。
二)概念對等：
平(ping)行并(bing)列過(guo)程(cheng)中,要求概(gai)念要對(dui)等,就(jiu)名(ming)詞而言,特指對(dui)特指,抽(chou)象對(dui)抽(chou)象,具(ju)體對(dui)具(ju)體.它們(men)從來不相互(hu)對(dui)應進行并(bing)列。
New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.
A splitting apart continents
B the splitting apart of continents
C split apart continents
D continents split apart’
E continents that were split apart
譯(yi)文(wen)：新的理(li)論(lun)提出小行星(xing)和(he)慧(hui)星(xing)災難(nan)性(xing)的影(ying)響(xiang)可(ke)能引(yin)地磁(ci)場的顛倒，冰川(chuan)時代的到來(lai)，8千萬年前大陸的分(fen)裂以及(ji)火山的噴發。
分析：本(ben)題平行并列部分是. Reversals , the onset, …. And eruption顯然是由(you)動(dong)(dong)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)抽象(xiang)名(ming)(ming)詞(ci)(ci)詞(ci)(ci)形的(de)(de)并列。所以(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)抽象(xiang)名(ming)(ming)詞(ci)(ci)表(biao)結果，只(zhi)能(neng)和抽象(xiang)名(ming)(ming)詞(ci)(ci)并列，而(er)doing強調動(dong)(dong)做,就splitting apart而(er)言，無(wu)名(ming)(ming)詞(ci)(ci)，所以(yi)(yi)只(zhi)能(neng)用the splitting apart表(biao)達(da)此意。
本題選的是B
