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2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結匯總

時間:2021-08-05 15:36:00   來源:無憂考網     [字體: ]
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2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(1)

  可數名詞與不可數名詞

  名(ming)詞(ci)分可數與不可數兩種。

  可數名詞表示某類人(ren)或東西中的個體。如(ru)table, country。

  或表示若干(gan)個體組成的集合(he)體。如 family, people, committee, police。

  不可數名詞表示無法分為個體的實(shi)物。如air, tea, furniture, water。

  或表示動作、狀態、品質(zhi)、感情(qing)等抽象概(gai)念。如work, information, advice, happiness。

  有些名(ming)詞(ci)在一種場(chang)合下(xia)是可數(shu)名(ming)詞(ci),在另一種場(chang)合下(xia)是不可數(shu)名(ming)詞(ci)。

  如(ru)room 房間(jian)(可(ke)數(shu)),空間(jian)(不可(ke)數(shu))

  time 時間(不可(ke)數(shu)),次數(shu)(可(ke)數(shu))

  fish 魚(yu)(不可(ke)數),各種各樣(yang)的(de)魚(yu)(可(ke)數)

  比較下列例句:

  There are nine rooms in the house. (房間,可數名詞)

  There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空間,不(bu)可數名詞)

  不可數名(ming)詞(ci)的數量可以通過在(zai)其前面加(jia)單位詞(ci)來(lai)表示。

  如: 一塊肉(rou) a piece of meat

  兩條長面包(bao) two loaves of bread

  三件(jian)家具(ju) three articles of furniture

  一大(da)筆錢 a large sum of money

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(2)

  可數名詞的復數形式

  可數名詞(ci)有單數和復數兩(liang)種(zhong)形式。名詞(ci)復數的構成(cheng)如下:

  1.一般情況下(xia)在名詞后加-s。如:girls, books。

  ★濁輔音(yin)(yin)、元音(yin)(yin)結尾(wei),s發[z]

  2.以(yi)s, x , ch, sh結尾的詞在(zai)名詞后加-es。如(ru):glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。

  ★以s, x , ch, sh結尾,es發(fa)[iz]

  3.“輔(fu)音字(zi)母(mu)+y”結尾(wei)的詞,變y為i再加-es。如:city-cities, country-countries。

  4.以o結尾的(de)詞多(duo)數加-es。如:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。

  radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。

  5.f, fe 結尾的詞(ci),多數變f,fe為v再加-es。如:thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。

  少數名詞(ci)有不規則的復數形式。如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。

  ★可數(shu)(shu)名(ming)詞復(fu)數(shu)(shu)一般情況下考(kao)不規則復(fu)數(shu)(shu)形式(shi)。

  個別名詞(ci)的單數和復數的形式(shi)是(shi)一樣(yang)的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(3)

  名詞的所有格

  名詞(ci)的所(suo)有格表示(shi)所(suo)屬(shu)關系, 起形容詞(ci)的作用。

  當(dang)名詞表示有生命的東西時,所有格(ge)一(yi)般是在詞尾加 s 。

  如:Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。

  如果名詞(ci)已經(jing)有了(le)復數詞(ci)尾s, 則只需加(jia)。如:the teachers books, my parents car。

  時間名詞的所(suo)有格在后面加s ,復數加 。如:todays newspaper, five minutes walk。

  當(dang)名詞表示無生命的(de)東西(xi)時,所(suo)有格常由“of”短語構成(cheng)。

  如:the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。

  加 s 或 的名詞所有格可(ke)以表示店(dian)鋪或某人(ren)的家。

  如:the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。

  ★名詞所有格(ge)考試常見(jian)部分是

  名詞表示(shi)沒有生(sheng)命的(de)東(dong)西(xi)時,不能直(zhi)接(jie)在其(qi)后加s。

  時間名詞所(suo)有格(ge)在其后加(jia)s,或復數名詞后直接(jie)加(jia)。

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(4)

  名詞在句子中(zhong)的作(zuo)用:名詞在句子中(zhong)可以作(zuo)主語(yu)、賓語(yu)、賓語(yu)補足語(yu)、表(biao)語(yu)、定語(yu),有時(shi)可以作(zuo)狀語(yu)。

  名詞(ci)、代詞(ci)或其他(ta)結構作主語(yu)時,謂(wei)語(yu)動詞(ci)在人稱和(he)數上必須與主語(yu)保持一致。

  1.主語(yu)是可數名詞(ci)單數時,謂(wei)語(yu)動(dong)詞(ci)用(yong)單數形式;主語(yu)是復數時,謂(wei)語(yu)動(dong)詞(ci)用(yong)復數形式。

  All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通(tong)羅(luo)馬(ma)。)

  His brother is an industrial engineer。

  The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

  ★the number of 表示數量,無論后(hou)面(mian)名詞(ci)是復數還是單(dan)數,謂語動(dong)詞(ci)是單(dan)數形式。

  Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

  ★two-thirds 三分(fen)之(zhi)二

  幾分(fen)之幾作主語,謂語是單數形式。

  belong to 屬于某人(ren)

  Both of us are studying English。

  ★總(zong)結:在名(ming)詞作主語時,the number of 謂語動詞單(dan)數形(xing)式(shi);

  幾分之(zhi)幾,謂(wei)語(yu)單(dan)數形(xing)式;

  both 謂語使用復數形(xing)式。

  2、主語是不可數名(ming)詞、不定(ding)式或動名(ming)詞詞組、從句時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

  All the money he received was given to his mother。

  Forgetting the past means betrayal。

  What we are talking now is useless。

  3.主(zhu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)部分(fen)若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短(duan)語(yu)(yu)(yu),謂語(yu)(yu)(yu)動詞(ci)的(de)(de)單(dan)、復數與短(duan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)前面的(de)(de)名詞(ci)一(yi)致。

  Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school。

  (as well as her two sisters 作主(zhu)語Mary的主(zhu)語補足(zu)語,主(zhu)語 Mary 是單數,所以謂語動詞用復(fu)數形(xing)式)

  No one except my friends knows anything about it。

  4.表示時間、距離、重量(liang)、價值等的(de)復(fu)數名(ming)詞(ci)作主語(yu)時,如果當作整體看待,謂(wei)語(yu)動詞(ci)用單數形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的(de)謂(wei)語(yu)動詞(ci)也用單數形式。

  Three times two is six。

  Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作為(wei)整體來看)

  5.Either, neither作主語時(shi),謂(wei)語動詞用單(dan)數形式。

  Neither of us has been to Italy。

  Has either of them been to Shanghai?

  none代表可(ke)(ke)數(shu)的人(ren)或東(dong)西(xi)時,謂語(yu)動(dong)詞(ci)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)單數(shu)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)復數(shu),代表不可(ke)(ke)數(shu)的東(dong)西(xi)時,謂語(yu)動(dong)詞(ci)用(yong)單數(shu)形式。

  None of the students have/has seen the film。

  None of the money belongs to me。

  6.主(zhu)語由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接時,謂(wei)語形式(shi)由最鄰近的主(zhu)語決定。

  Not only you but also I am wrong。

  Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

  Either you or she is to do the work。

  7.主語中有and,如果表示單一概念(nian),謂語動詞用(yong)單數。

  The bread and butter is nice。

  8.主(zhu)語前有many a, more than one修飾時(shi),謂語動詞用單數形式。

  Many a book has been read by the students。

  ★many a book=many books

  More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

  9.集合名詞作主語,當作整體(ti)看(kan)待時,謂語動詞用(yong)單數形式,當作每個獨立的(de)個體(ti)看(kan)待時,謂語動詞用(yong)復數。

  The committee meets once a year. (作(zuo)為整體)

  The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨立個(ge)體)

  People, police作主語(yu)時,謂語(yu)動詞用(yong)復數形式。

  The police have come to arrest him。

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(5)

  不定冠詞的基本用法

  1.表示“一”的含義。

  Give me a pen please。

  We go shopping twice a week。

  2.泛指某個人或東(dong)西。

  Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。

  She picked up a magazine and began to read。

  3.表(biao)示一(yi)類(lei)人或東西。

  He works as a language teacher in that university。

  As a writer, he is successful。

  Even a child can answer this question。

  可(ke)數(shu)名(ming)詞(ci)單數(shu)出(chu)現,泛指(zhi)用不定冠詞(ci),特指(zhi)用定冠詞(ci)。一個可(ke)數(shu)名(ming)詞(ci)的單數(shu)不能自己單獨出(chu)現

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(6)

  定冠詞的基本用法

  1.表示特定的人或東西。

  Give me the magazine。

  Have you decided on the prices yet?

  The book on the table is an English dictionary。

  Beijing is the capital of China。

  2.復述前文提到的人或東西。

  Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。

  The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。

  3.用于形容詞前面,代表一類人或東西。

  the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷(shang)的人

  the sick 生(sheng)病(bing)的人(ren) the beautiful 美(mei)麗的事物 the old 老年人(ren)

  the young 年青(qing)人

  4.用于表示世界上獨一無二的東西的名詞前面。

  the moon, the sun, the earth

  The moon moves aroud the earth。

  We have friends all over the world。

  Dont build castles in the air。

  5.用于序數詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的級前面,副詞級前面的the 可以省略。

  January is the first month of the year。

  The sun rises in the east。

  Japan lies to the east of China。

  Beijing lies in the north of China。

  Ireland lies on the Great Britain。

  At the Childrens Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin。

  Last week we went to the theatre。

  Among the three girls she speaks English the best。

  “東、南(nan)、西、北(bei)”作副詞時,前面不加冠詞。

  We are walking south。

  形容詞級前若有物主代詞,就(jiu)不(bu)加定冠詞。

  Monday is my busiest day。

  6.用于姓氏的復數形式前,表示一家人或夫婦倆。

  The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。

  The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.

  7.不可數名詞前面通常不加定冠詞,但若有限制性定語修飾,或表示特定部分、特定內容時,前面需加定冠詞。

  Drink some water。

  Is the water in the well fit for drink?

  What do you think of the music?

  He cant take the advice his mother gives him。

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(7)

  absent from不在,缺(que)席abundant in富于

  alien to與(yu)……相反angry with sb at/about sth生氣,憤怒(nu)

  anxious about/for憂慮(lv),擔心appropriate for/to適當,合適

  applicable to適用于(yu)apt at聰明,善(shan)于(yu)

  apt to易于ashamed of羞愧(kui),害(hai)臊

  approximate to近擬,接近aware of意識(shi)到

  abailable to sb for sth可用(yong),可供bare of幾乎沒有,缺乏(fa)

  bound for開往…… capable of能(neng)夠

  careful of/about/with;小心,注意certain of /about確信,肯定

  about/in doing characteristic of特(te)有(you),獨特(te)

  clear of沒有(you),不接(jie)觸clever at善于(yu)

  close to接近,親近comparable to/with可比(bi)較

  conscious of察(cha)覺到(dao),意識(shi)到(dao)consequent on隨(sui)之而來

  considerate towards體(ti)諒,體(ti)貼contemporary with與……同時代(dai)

  content with滿足于(yu)contrary to違反

  counter to與(yu)……相反crazy about熱衷,著迷

  critical of挑(tiao)剔,批評curious about好奇,想知(zhi)道(dao)

  distinct from種類(lei)(風格)不同doubtful of /about懷(huai)疑

  east of在……東面equal to相等,勝任

  equivalent to等于(yu),相當于(yu)essential to/for必(bi)不可少

  expert at/in/on善于(yu)faithful to忠實于(yu)

  familiar to sb為……所(suo)熟悉familiar with sth熟悉,通曉

  fatal to致(zhi)命(ming)的favourable to支持,贊成

  favourable for有幫助的fearful of懼怕(pa)

  fit for適于(yu)foreign to非(fei)……所原有

  fond of喜歡free of /from未受(shou)……;免費

  free with康慨,大(da)方guilty of有……罪(zui)的

  hungry for渴(ke)望ignorant of不(bu)知道

  impatient at sth.不耐煩impatient of無(wu)法容忍

  with sb independent of不受……支配

  impatient for急(ji)切,渴望indifferent to無興(xing)趣,不(bu)關心

  indignant with sb.憤慨inferior to級別低于,不如

  ab/about sth innocent of無(wu)(wu)……罪,無(wu)(wu)辜

  intent on專心于(yu)invisible to不可見的(de)jealous of嫉(ji)妒keep on愛好,很喜歡

  liable for對……有責任liable to易于

  loyal to忠于mad at/with sb.生氣,憤怒mad with因……發狂next to下一個,其次

  necessary to /for必(bi)要的opposite to在對面

  open to不限制,開放的particular about挑剔,講究

  arallel to與(yu)……平等(deng),類似(si)peculiar to獨特的(de),獨有(you)的(de)

  atient with有耐心prior to在……之(zhi)前

  opular with受……喜愛,愛戴(dai)representative of代(dai)表……的

  relative to與……有(you)關rich in富于

  responsible for負責,是……原因sensitive to對……敏(min)感

  sensible of覺查到sick of厭(yan)惡,厭(yan)倦(juan)

  short of缺少skilled at /in善于

  similar to相似sufficient for足夠的

  subject to受制于(yu)(yu),易于(yu)(yu)superior to優于(yu)(yu),級別高于(yu)(yu)

  suitable for/to適合于(yu)suspicious of懷(huai)疑

  sure of /about對……有(you)信(xin)心(xin),確信(xin)typical of是典型的(de),特有(you)的(de)

  tired of對……不在(zai)感(gan)興趣votal to對……關系(xi)重(zhong)大

  uncertain of /about不確知mad about/on狂熱迷戀

  void of沒有,缺乏

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(8)

  這里用to man 而不用by.即當單數又(you)無冠(guan)詞的(de)man和(he)known搭配時(shi),表示(shi)人類不用by.

  this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,next,last,one

  接年、月、季、星期、周,介詞省略已習慣

  例;一天one day (不(bu)說on one day)

  one summer 在一個夏天

  one year 一年

  Iast nieht 昨天夜里

  last Friday 上個星期(qi)五

  last month 上月

  last year 去年

  yesterday afternoon 昨(zuo)天下午

  tomorrow afternoon 明天下(xia)午

  tomorrow evening 明天晚上(shang)

  next month 下個月

  next week 下周

  next year 明年

  next Saturday 下星期六(liu)

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(9)

  Nobody was late except me.

  除(chu)我以(yi)外(wai),沒人遲到。

  同類比(bi)較except,加for 異(yi)類記心間。

  He's composition is good,except for some spelling mistakes.

  他的這(zhe)篇作(zuo)文寫得(de)很好,只是有(you)幾處拼(pin)寫錯(cuo)誤。(非同類比較用except for)

  She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.

  除(chu)了有一個老姑媽(ma),她別無親人。

  Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without=except)

  當安娜發現除(chu)她外,他們(men)都去游泳了,她感到很失望。

  Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.

  除了那些古寺以外,獅頭山沒什么可看(kan)的。

  Among other things,we are interested in drawing.

  我們對(dui)圖畫(hua)和別的一些(xie)東西很感興(xing)趣。(among之內即包括在內)

  原(yuan)狀(zhuang)because of,owing to,due to 表語形(xing)容詞

  例:Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.

  由于我(wo)們的共同努力,任務提前(qian)完成(cheng)了。

  注:Owing to 和because of 都做(zuo)原因(yin)狀語(yu),而due to 只能(neng)做(zuo)表語(yu)形(xing)容詞。所以(yi)此句(ju)。owing to 的介詞短語(yu)做(zuo)原因(yin)狀語(yu)。

  AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.

  我們(men)的一(yi)切(qie)成績都(dou)歸(gui)功(gong)于黨。(due to 做表語(yu)形容詞)

  under后接修、建(jian)中(zhong),of,from 物(wu)化分(fen)

  例(li):The road is under repair now.

  這條(tiao)路正在修建中。

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(10)

  高頻句型:

  1. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price,which they cannot afford it.

  那些(xie)城(cheng)市的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)者(zhe)們(men)(men)如果(guo)忽(hu)視這一(yi)點,將會付出他們(men)(men)無法(fa)承(cheng)受的(de)代價。

  2. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

  農(nong)民進城打工(gong)正(zheng)成為增長(chang)的趨勢,這(zhe)一問題在世界(jie)上(shang)大部分(fen)城市已引(yin)起普遍關注。

  3. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

  一項調(diao)查顯(xian)示許(xu)多(duo)民工認為(wei)在城市打工不僅有較高的收入(ru),而且(qie)能(neng)學(xue)到一些新技術。

  4. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

  必(bi)須指出(chu),農(nong)業的(de)發展(zhan)似乎趕不上農(nong)村(cun)人(ren)口的(de)增加(jia),并(bing)且仍有(you)成千上萬的(de)農(nong)民過著缺衣挨餓的(de)貧寒生活。

  5. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities,they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

  盡管民工對城(cheng)市的(de)經濟發展做(zuo)出了巨大貢獻,然(ran)而他們也(ye)不可避(bi)免的(de)帶(dai)來了一些(xie)負面影響。

  6. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs;and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

  許多社會學家指出民(min)工正(zheng)給人口控制和社會治(zhi)安帶來壓力(li)。他(ta)們正(zheng)在威脅(xie)著本已蕭條的工作市場(chang),他(ta)們惡化了交通和公共衛生狀況。

  7. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences,information and knowledge with peasants,which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

  建議政府應該(gai)努力減少正(zheng)在(zai)拉大的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)鄉差(cha)距(ju)。應該(gai)劃撥(bo)適當的(de)(de)(de)資金提(ti)高農民的(de)(de)(de)生活水平;應該(gai)邀請農業專家向農民介紹他們的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗,知識和信(xin)息(xi),這些將有(you)助于發展農村經(jing)濟。

  8. In conclusion,we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

  總之,我們應理智考慮這(zhe)一問題,重視農民的生活。任何政(zheng)府(fu)忽視這(zhe)一點都(dou)將付出巨大的代價。

  9 Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life,parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people,including teachers and experts in education,should pay considerable attention to this problem.

  盡管(guan)來(lai)自高(gao)校和研究院(yuan)的許多(duo)專家堅持認(ren)為這(zhe)是(shi)獨(du)立生(sheng)活不可避免的一(yi)部分,然而越來(lai)越多(duo)的家長開(kai)始意(yi)識到包括教師和教育(yu)專家在(zai)內的人們應該認(ren)真對待這(zhe)一(yi)問題。

  10. As for me,it is essential to know,at first,what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

  我認為,首先應看(kan)看(kan)學(xue)生們在校園(yuan)可能遇到哪些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)

2021年成人高考高起點《英語》復習資料總結(11)

  關鍵句型:

  1、It作先(xian)(xian)行(xing)主(zhu)語和先(xian)(xian)行(xing)賓(bin)語的(de)一些(xie)句(ju)型

  She had said what it was necessary to say.

  2、強調句型

  It is not who rules us that is important,but how he rules us.

  3、“All+抽象(xiang)(xiang)名詞(ci)”或“抽象(xiang)(xiang)名詞(ci)+itself”(very+形容詞(ci))

  He was all gentleness to her.

  4、利(li)用詞匯重(zhong)復表示強調

  A crime is a crime a crime.

  5、“something(much)of”和(he)“nothing(little)of” “something of”相(xiang)當于“to some extent”,表(biao)示程度(du)。 在疑問句(ju)或條件從句(ju)中,則(ze)為(wei)(wei)“anything of ”,可譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“有點”,“略微”等。譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“毫無(wu)(wu)”,“全無(wu)(wu)”。much of譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“大有”,not much of可譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“算不上(shang)”,“稱不上(shang)”,little of可譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“幾乎無(wu)(wu)”,something like譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“有點像,略似”。

  They say that he had no university education,but he seems to be something of a scholar.

  6、同格名(ming)詞(ci)修飾(shi) 是指of前后的兩個名(ming)詞(ci)都(dou)指同一(yi)個人或(huo)物,“of”以(yi)及它前面(mian)的名(ming)詞(ci)構成一(yi)個形容詞(ci)短(duan)語,以(yi)修飾(shi)“of”后面(mian)的那個名(ming)詞(ci)。如“her old sharper of a father”,可譯為:“她那騙子般的父親”。

  Those pigs of girls eat so much.

  7、as…as…can(may)be

  It is as plain as plain can be.

  8、“It is in(with)…as in(with)”

  It is in life as in a journey.

  9、“as good as…”相等于(yu),就像,幾乎(hu)如;實際上,其(qi)實,實在(zai)。

  The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy,that he would adopt him.

  10、“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as” 可(ke)譯(yi)為“與(yu)(yu)其……,不(bu)如(ru)(ru)……,更好(hao)”,“以這樣做……為宜”,“如(ru)(ru)同……,也(ye)可(ke)以……”等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。“might as well …as”表示不(bu)可(ke)能的(de)事,可(ke)譯(yi)為“猶如(ru)(ru)……”,“可(ke)與(yu)(yu)……一樣荒唐”,“與(yu)(yu)其那樣不(bu)如(ru)(ru)這樣的(de)好(hao)”等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

  One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.